Java:
使用基本认证发送 HTTP 请求
如何:
import java.net.Authenticator;
import java.net.PasswordAuthentication;
import java.net.URL;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
public class BasicAuthExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
URL url = new URL("http://example.com/api/data");
Authenticator.setDefault(new Authenticator() {
protected PasswordAuthentication getPasswordAuthentication() {
return new PasswordAuthentication("username", "password".toCharArray());
}
});
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.setRequestMethod("GET");
int status = connection.getResponseCode();
System.out.println("Response Code: " + status);
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(connection.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
StringBuilder content = new StringBuilder();
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
content.append(inputLine);
}
in.close();
System.out.println("Response Body: " + content);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
输出样例:
Response Code: 200
Response Body: { "data": "This is the data from the server." }
深潜
发送带有基本认证的HTTP请求一直是一个老生常谈的话题。它的历史可追溯到早期的HTTP协议。虽然现今有更安全的认证方式(如OAuth 2.0),但因为简便性,基本认证仍广泛用于内网和不那么敏感的数据访问。重要的实现细节包括在请求头中包含一个经过Base64编码的用户名和密码组合,并以Authorization: Basic
来加以前缀。