Rust:
处理CSV文件
如何操作:
Rust 以其对安全性和性能的重视,提供了出色的 crates(库)来处理 CSV 文件,其中 csv
是最受欢迎的。你还需要 serde
来序列化和反序列化数据。
首先,将依赖项添加到你的 Cargo.toml
:
[dependencies]
csv = "1.1"
serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
读取 CSV
要读取 CSV 文件,定义一个表示你数据的结构体并从 serde
导出 Deserialize
:
use serde::Deserialize;
use std::error::Error;
use std::fs::File;
use std::io;
use std::process;
#[derive(Debug, Deserialize)]
struct Record {
city: String,
state: String,
population: u64,
}
fn read_from_csv(file_path: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let file = File::open(file_path)?;
let mut rdr = csv::Reader::from_reader(file);
for result in rdr.deserialize() {
let record: Record = result?;
println!("{:?}", record);
}
Ok(())
}
fn main() {
if let Err(err) = read_from_csv("cities.csv") {
println!("error running example: {}", err);
process::exit(1);
}
}
对于包含城市信息的 CSV,示例输出可能看起来像:
Record { city: "西雅图", state: "WA", population: 744955 }
Record { city: "纽约", state: "NY", population: 8336817 }
写入 CSV
要写入 CSV 文件,定义一个结构体并从 Serialize
导出:
use serde::Serialize;
use std::error::Error;
use std::fs::File;
#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Record {
city: String,
state: String,
population: u64,
}
fn write_to_csv(file_path: &str, records: Vec<Record>) -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let file = File::create(file_path)?;
let mut wtr = csv::Writer::from_writer(file);
for record in records {
wtr.serialize(&record)?;
}
wtr.flush()?;
Ok(())
}
fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
let records = vec![
Record {
city: "洛杉矶".into(),
state: "CA".into(),
population: 3979563,
},
Record {
city: "芝加哥".into(),
state: "IL".into(),
population: 2695598,
},
];
write_to_csv("output.csv", records)?;
Ok(())
}
这将创建包含数据的 output.csv
:
city,state,population
洛杉矶,CA,3979563
芝加哥,IL,2695598
通过利用 Rust 强大的类型系统和健壮的生态系统 crates,处理 CSV 数据变得既高效又简单,确保了你的数据处理任务的安全性和性能。